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The captives were trained in the sultan's personal service. The new force was based on the Sultan's right to a fifth of the war booty, which he interpreted to include captives taken in battle.

In the mid-14th century, Murad I built an army of slaves, referred to as the Kapıkulu. By raising and specially training slaves as officials in palace schools such as Enderun, where they were taught to serve the Sultan and other educational subjects, the Ottomans created administrators with intricate knowledge of government, and fanatic loyalty. Many enslaved officials themselves owned numerous slaves, although the Sultan himself owned by far the most. Ī large percentage of officials in the Ottoman government were bought slaves, raised free, and integral to the success of the Ottoman Empire from the 14th century into the 19th. However, women played and held the most important roles within the Harem institution. Eunuch harem guards and janissaries are some of the better known positions an enslaved person could hold, but enslaved women were actually often supervised by them. Ī member of the Ottoman slave class, called a kul in Turkish, could achieve high status. Sexual slavery was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution. As late as 1908, female slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. Įven after several measures to ban slavery in the late 19th century, the practice continued largely unabated into the early 20th century. Statistics of these centuries suggest that Istanbul's additional slave imports from the Black Sea have totaled around 2.5 million from 1453 to 1700. In Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), the administrative and political center of the Ottoman Empire, about a fifth of the 16th- and 17th-century population consisted of slaves. It has been reported that the selling price of slaves decreased after large military operations. The main sources of slaves were wars and politically organized enslavement expeditions in the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, the Balkans, and Africa. Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was a lawful institution and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and traditional society. Ottomans with European slaves depicted in a 1608 engraving in Salomon Schweigger's account of his 1578 journey in the Ottoman Empire

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